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- Date: Mon, 29 Aug 94 04:30:09 PDT
- From: Advanced Amateur Radio Networking Group <tcp-group@ucsd.edu>
- Errors-To: TCP-Group-Errors@UCSD.Edu
- Reply-To: TCP-Group@UCSD.Edu
- Precedence: Bulk
- Subject: TCP-Group Digest V94 #187
- To: tcp-group-digest
-
-
- TCP-Group Digest Mon, 29 Aug 94 Volume 94 : Issue 187
-
- Today's Topics:
- ethernet timing
- KPC-2/KAM front end test connectivity
-
- Send Replies or notes for publication to: <TCP-Group@UCSD.Edu>.
- Subscription requests to <TCP-Group-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu>.
- Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu.
-
- Archives of past issues of the TCP-Group Digest are available
- (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives".
-
- We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text
- herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official
- policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Date: Sun, 28 Aug 1994 17:56:49 +0200
- From: Geert Jan de Groot <GeertJan.deGroot@ripe.net>
- Subject: ethernet timing
- To: TCP-Group@ucsd.edu
-
- On Sun, 28 Aug 94 04:30:02 PDT Advanced Amateur Radio Networking Group wrote:
- > Does anyone remember an article in some unix magizne about ethernet timing
- > issues with new chip sets having shorter inter-gap delays or something
- > like that.
-
- Here you are...
-
- Geert Jan
-
- ------- Start of forwarded message -------
- Newsgroups: comp.dcom.lans.ethernet
- Path: cronkite.cisco.com!decwrl!parc!wirish
- From: wirish@parc.xerox.com (Wes Irish)
- Subject: Performance problems on high utilization Ethernets
- Message-ID: <wirish.750731783@misty>
- Summary: High utilization Ethernet performance problems traced to controller im
- plementation bugs
- Keywords: Ethernet, communications, interframe gap, IFG, collisions, controller
- , interface, packet loss, data link
- Sender: news@parc.xerox.com
- Organization: Xerox PARC
- Date: 16 Oct 93 00:36:23 GMT
- Lines: 115
-
- For the past year or so I have been investigating performance problems
- on the Ethernets here at PARC. This work has uncovered problems with a
- number of Ethernet controllers in common use today. These low-level
- controller problems can lead to serious performance problems for many of
- the systems involved. A full paper on this work, "Investigations into
- observed performance problems on high utilization Ethernet networks",
- will be released soon (initially as a PARC Blue & White report). But,
- since I have been giving talks on this work and news of it has begun to
- hit the Internet, I feel that a should post a preliminary report in
- order to reduce speculation and to make sure that the facts are
- correctly stated. Below is a short summary of some of the key facts and
- issues.
-
- The Ethernet specifications talk about making sure that transmitters
- enforce a 9.6 microsecond gap (IFG) between frames (packets). This is
- straight forward in the case of a gap following a just completed good
- packet. But, gaps following collision events are less straight forward.
- I do not want to debate the details of what is and is not "correct" in
- this case -- that is a discussion for another time and place. The
- reality of the situation is that there are a number of controllers in
- wide-spread use on networks today that do not interoperate very well in
- the face of collisions.
-
- In general, the problems arise when the gap following a collision is too
- short for a particular implementation of a receiver. In addition to
- uncovering controllers that simply generate short IFGs I have also
- uncovered a major implementation bug in a particular chip that injects
- short signal bursts onto the network. These bursts can damage the IFG
- "enforced" by other machines. Either way, the result is that same -- a
- short IFG preceding a packet which can result in a missed packet.
-
- It is important to note that when a controller misses a packet due to a
- short IFG THE FACT THAT THE PACKET WAS MISSED IS NOT DETECTED NOR
- REPORTED TO THE SYSTEM. System and driver statistics will claim no
- packets lost (unless some are lost for other reasons). Even most
- network analyzers are subject to the same undetected and therefore
- unreported packet loss. I have resorted to using a digital oscilloscope
- to capture and analyze these events.
-
- Let me emphasize that these problems are almost exclusively related to
- dealing with collision events. On a lightly loaded network, where
- collisions are few and far between, these problems are virtually
- non-existent. But these problems do indeed come into play on moderate
- to heavily loaded networks. Based on my observations a VERY ROUGH
- network load dividing line is about 25% load (using 0.1 or 1.0 sec
- samples).
-
- Here is an enumeration of some of the facts related to particular
- controllers that I have uncovered so far. There may be problems with
- other controllers but they may not appear on the networks that I have
- inspected.
-
- Controller: Intel 82586
- Commonly found in: SUN 3's and SUN 4's (ie interfaces), many other
- machines
- Problem: Can generate a short IFG following a collision
- Cause: starts IFG timer on CS dropout
-
- Controller: Intel 82596
- Commonly found in: Network General Sniffer using Cogent interface card
- Problem: Will not hear packet unless preceding IFG is 4.6 usec or larger
-
- Controller: SEEQ 8003
- Commonly found in: Cisco MEC and MCI interfaces, older SGI (Silicon
- Graphics) including 4D/35 and Indigo (but not Indigo2)
- Problem: Can generate a short IFG following a collision
- Cause: Starts 9.6 usec timer at end of its on jam and not end of
- collision
- Problem: Generates 24 bit signal burst onto network following some
- collisions. This burst lands in the IFG following the collision and
- will often result in two short IFGs resulting in other controllers
- missing the packet. NB: this can happen even if the chip has nothing to
- transmit!
-
- Controller: AMD 7990 "LANCE"
- Commonly found in: SUN SPARCStation machines (SS-1, SS-1+, SS-2, SS-10,
- ...), many DEC machines, Cisco/SynOptics routers, Cisco IGS, many other
- machines
- Problem: Will not hear packet unless preceding IFG is 4.1 usec or larger
- Cause: implementation state machine
- Problem: many other problems including lock-up, transmit gaps greater
- than 9.6 usec under load, etc.
- Fix: A new version of the controller, the 79C90 CLANCE, fixes many of
- these problems but is not in common use like the LANCE.
-
- Interface chip: AT&T T7213
- Commonly found in: SUN SPARCStation 10 and other newer SUN machines
- Problem: Will hold the collision (and kill data) sent to the controller
- chip across IFGs of roughly 1.0 usec or less. It will also do this if a
- "manchester coding violation" is detected in a packet -- a job that
- should be left to the controller.
-
-
- The result of all of these implementation details is that it is very
- possible, even probable, to put together a network that results in
- "undetected" packet loss. Packet loss rates of even less than 1% can
- result in performance hits as high as 80%, depending on a multitude of
- factors including the protocols and implementations being used. I have
- clocked the potential packet drop rate at PARC due to these problems to
- be in the 1% - 5% range at times.
-
- I have been working with many of these vendors for a number of months
- now in an attempt to get these various bugs fixed so that different
- equipment interoperates properly. Most of the vendors have been very
- receptive to making things work now that they know there is a problem.
- Some have already identified solutions while others are still working on
- them.
-
-
- Wesley Irish
- Network Scientist
- Xerox PARC
- wirish@parc.xerox.com
-
- [Please send any replies via e-mail as I do not normally read netnews]
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Mon, 29 Aug 1994 11:13:07 +0700 (GMT+7:00)
- From: "Sahry RA." <sahry@hafni.aia.bppt.go.id>
- Subject: KPC-2/KAM front end test connectivity
- To: tcp-group@ucsd.edu
-
- Dear Tcp-Group,
-
- I have a problem to make front end test modem between KPC-2 and KAM
- using AX.25 (net091b.exe, KA9Q modification), see figure below :
-
-
- PC PC
- + +
- -----|--------- TCP/IP AX.25 net091b---------|-----
- Modem Modem
- KPC-2 KAM
- | |
- + --->AFSK OUT ----cable----> AUDIO---->+
- | IN |
- +<--- AUDIO IN ---cable<---- AFSK OUT---+
- | |
- +-----------------ground----------------+
-
- PROTOCOL SESSION
- ----------------
- Initial Connection from KPC-2 :
-
- SEND IP --------------------------> RECV
- RECV SEND ACK <------------------------- SEND ACK
- SEND REPLY -------------------------> RECV REPLY
- NO SEND REPLY ACK
-
- Initial Connection from KAM :
-
- RECV <-------------------------- SEND IP
- SEND ACK --------------------------> NO RESPOND
- <------------------------- SEND IP AGAIN (TRY
- AGAIN)
- ...continue send IP..
-
-
- So, with experiment above. I would like to implement them on WAN
- via 4-wire sattelite connection seems look below :
-
- NODE NODE
- A TX RX B
- +-------------TX Line ----------------+
- +-------------------------------------+
- KPC-2 KAM
- +-------------RX Line ----------------+
- +-------------------------------------+
- RX Sattelite SCPC voice TX
-
-
- My problem :
-
- 1. Is it my simulation test correct ?
- 2. How about drop voltage from Input/Output Modems ?
- 3. Shall I put buffer among Input/Output Modems ?
-
-
-
- Best regard,
-
- sahry
-
- ------------------------------
-
- End of TCP-Group Digest V94 #187
- ******************************
-